Base pair
DNATwo nucleotides on opposite DNA strands held together by hydrogen bonds (A-T, G-C).
A clear, visual introduction to molecular biology
Molecular biology, explained visually.
Explore DNA, RNA, proteins, cells, and lab techniques through clear articles, visual guides, and interactive explainers.
- Articles
- 47
- Topics
- 8
- Glossary
- 153+
Learning map
Follow the central dogma as your first guided path.
MOLBIO starts with the flow of biological information: how DNA is stored, copied into RNA, translated into proteins, and expressed as cellular function.
1
DNA
Stores instructions
2
RNA
Carries the message
3
Protein
Does cellular work
4
Cell function
Creates traits
First lesson
What Is Molecular Biology?
Main idea
DNA to RNA to protein
Learning style
Read, see, connect
Start here
A beginner route through the machinery of life
A structured path for first-time learners, from molecular building blocks to the biotech tools that use them.
- 01Module 1
The molecules of life
Start with atoms, bonds, water, and the four building blocks.
- 02Module 2
Cells and compartments
Learn how life is organized inside membranes and organelles.
- 03Module 3
DNA and genes
Understand how information is stored and copied.
- 04Module 4
Genes to proteins
Follow transcription and translation end-to-end.
- 05Module 5
Biotech in practice
See how PCR, sequencing, and CRISPR put it all to work.
Core lessons
Lessons that build the foundation
Each lesson is framed around one key idea, so the science feels connected instead of memorized.
Lesson 01Beginner
FoundationsWhat Is Molecular Biology?
Life becomes easier to understand when you follow DNA, RNA, and proteins together.
7 min readOpen
Lesson 02Beginner
FoundationsMolecular Biology vs Genetics vs Biochemistry
How three overlapping fields ask different questions about life.
7 min readOpen
Lesson 03Beginner
FoundationsThe Central Dogma Explained Simply
The core information-flow model behind DNA, RNA, and proteins.
8 min readOpen
Lesson 04Beginner
FoundationsWhat Are Biological Molecules?
A beginner guide to the molecules that make living systems work.
8 min readOpen
Learning tracks
Choose the system you want to understand
Topic hubs behave like tracks: start broad, then follow the related lessons and terms.
11 lessons
Foundations
First principles, central ideas, and beginner-friendly orientation for understanding the field.
- What Is Molecular Biology?7 min read
- Molecular Biology vs Genetics vs Biochemistry7 min read
5 lessons
DNA and Genes
The molecule of inheritance, gene structure, and how genetic information is organized.
- What Is DNA?8 min read
- DNA Structure and Base Pairing9 min read
4 lessons
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Transcription, translation, and the journey from gene to functional protein.
- DNA vs RNA7 min read
- How Proteins Are Made9 min read
5 lessons
Proteins
Folding, structure, and the molecular machines that run every cell.
- Protein Folding Basics9 min read
- Enzymes as Molecular Machines10 min read
7 lessons
Cells and Organelles
The compartments and architecture of life at the cellular scale.
- What Is a Cell?7 min read
- Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells8 min read
8 lessons
Genetics
Inheritance, variation, mutations, and the ways DNA differences shape biological outcomes.
- What Is a Gene?8 min read
- Chromosomes Explained8 min read
5 lessons
Biotechnology
From CRISPR to recombinant DNA: engineering biology in the lab.
- Recombinant DNA Basics10 min read
- Molecular Cloning Workflow10 min read
2 lessons
Lab Techniques
PCR, gel electrophoresis, sequencing, and the methods that power modern biology.
- PCR Explained Simply10 min read
- Gel Electrophoresis Explained8 min read
Visual lab
Processes that are easier when they move
The visual lab is where molecular processes become step-by-step models instead of static diagrams.
Featured model
1
Denature
2
Anneal
3
Extend
DNA Replication
Watch the replication fork unzip and copy both strands.
Model library
Terms you will meet early
Build the vocabulary while you learn
The glossary supports the lessons, so unfamiliar terms are always one step away from a plain-English explanation.
DNA
DNADeoxyribonucleic acid: the double-stranded molecule that stores genetic information.
Gene
GeneticsA segment of DNA that contains the instructions to build a specific RNA or protein.
mRNA
RNAMessenger RNA: a copy of a gene that carries instructions to the ribosome.
PCR
Lab TechniquesPolymerase chain reaction: a method to copy a specific DNA segment millions of times.
Ribosome
RNAThe molecular machine that reads mRNA and builds proteins from amino acids.
Ready to study